Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part C (2025)

This research explores the deepening mental health crisis among India’s most vulnerable populations-homeless individuals, migrant workers, LGBTQ+ communities, people with disabilities, survivors of domestic violence, the elderly with limited support, and children without parental care or in conflict with the law. Drawing from government reports, national surveys, and peer-reviewed studies, the paper reveals the disproportionate burden of mental disorders among these groups, with prevalence rates for depression and anxiety often exceeding national averages by two to three times. Structural inequalities-such as poverty, discrimination, mobility constraints, and poor healthcare access-compound their mental health challenges. Despite progressive legislation like the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 and initiatives such as Tele-MANAS and One Stop Centres, gaps in service delivery, mental health workforce, and social support systems remain severe. The study also highlights the economic toll of untreated mental illness, estimating a $1.03 trillion loss for India between 2012 and 2030.