Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part E (2025)

The concept of masculinity in India has undergone significant transformation, especially within the expanding and evolving middle-class segment. This research paper examines how masculinity is socially constructed, practiced, and perceived among middle-class men, with particular attention to culturally embedded norms, family expectations, economic responsibilities, and contemporary social influences. Drawing upon primary data collected through structured questionnaires and supported by secondary literature, the study analyzes how traditional masculine ideals—such as being the primary breadwinner, emotionally restrained, authoritative, and socially dominant—continue to shape male identities, even as modern values promote equality, emotional openness, and shared responsibilities. 
Findings from the survey reveal that while middle-class men increasingly acknowledge the importance of emotional expression, gender equality, and work-life balance, they still feel pressured to conform to conventional masculine roles. Majority responses highlight that financial responsibility remains the strongest marker of masculinity, followed by societal expectations related to physical strength, career success, and decision-making power within the family. The study also identifies generational shifts: younger respondents show greater acceptance of flexible gender roles, whereas older participants tend to uphold traditional views more strongly. The research concludes that masculinity in middle-class India is neither static nor homogeneous; rather, it reflects a hybrid identity shaped by urbanization, education, media exposure, and changing family structures.