Vol. 5, Issue 2, Part A (2023)

The “Janapadas” term indicates that the places with various types of human settlements came to receive with geographical value in Indian History. as stated in subsequent Vedic texts, Jain sources, and Buddhist sources. Accruing to Shah, Bipin (2014), The term "Janapada" literally means the foothold of a people. The fact that Janapada is derived from Jana points to an early stage of land-taking by the Jana people for a settled way of life by essential socio-economic value. The paper also representes the process of settlement on land had completed its final stage prior to the times of the Buddha and Pāṇini by contemporary socio-economic conditation in india. The Pre-Buddhist northern Indian sub-continent was divided into several Janapadas, demarcated from each other by boundaries with population and social development. The geographical and historical value of The Early Vedic period was characterised by distinct economy, which depended on pastoralism and agriculture. The janapadas construct a society which was divided into various strata according to birth and social value. The paper also representes, The early vedic society also had characteristic features of various religions and they carried out various rituals for different gods to know well about the features of the Early vedic society, it is essential to learn about their culture and economy. The varna system was one of the distinct features of the early vedic society which still has its different from existing in the Indian society with socio- cultural and economical output in historical assessment.